4.2.U1:  Most ecosystems rely on a supply of energy from sunlight

• State how energy in carbon compounds enters most biological communities.

• List three groups of autotrophs.

4.2.U2:  Light energy is converted to chemical energy in carbon compounds by photosynthesis

• Outline how light energy is converted to chemical energy.

4.2.U5:  Living organisms cannot convert heat to other forms of energy

• Draw a flowchart to illustrate the energy conversions performed by living organisms.

4.2.U4:  Energy released from carbon compounds by respiration is used in living organisms and converted to heat

• List three reasons why living organisms need energy for cell activities.

• State the function of ATP.

• Outline how ATP is formed, referencing exothermic and endothermic reactions.

• Outline the reason why respiration releases heat.

4.2.U6:  Heat is lost from ecosystems

• State the reason why heat created by living organisms is eventually lost from the ecosystem.

Cycles vs Flow notes

Energy conversion notes

Energy conversions CFU

Energy matching cards

4.1.U3:  Species have either an autotrophic or heterotrophic method of nutrition ( a few species have both methods)

• Define autotroph and heterotroph.

4.1.U4:  Consumers are heterotrophs that feed on living organisms by ingestion.

• Describe the feeding behaviors of consumers.

• List three example consumer organisms.

4.1.U5:  Detritivores are heterotrophs that obtain organic nutrients from detritus by internal digestion.

• Describe the feeding behaviors of detritivores.

• List two example detritivore organisms.

4.1.U6: Saprotrophs are heterotrophs that obtain organic nutrients from dead organic matter by external digestion.

• Describe the feeding behaviors of saprotrophs.

• List two example saprotrophic organisms.

4.1.NOS: Looking for patterns, trends and discrepancies- plants and algae are mostly autotrophic but some are not

• State the trend found in the nutritional patterns of plants and algae.

• Describe the discrepancy in the nutritional pattern of parasitic plants and algae.

4.1.S1:  Classifying species as autotrophs, consumers, detritivores or saprotrophs from a knowledge of their mode of nutrition

• Use a dichotomous key to identify the mode of nutrition of an organism.

Modes of nutrition notes

Energy acquisition CFU

4.2.U3:  Chemical energy in carbon compounds flows through food chains by means of feeding

• Define food chain and food web.

• State the meaning of the arrow in a food web or chain.

• Draw a food chain, labeling the producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer and tertiary consumer.

Food chain and web handwritten notes

Food Chains and Webs by JS

Scitable:  Food Web

24 Hour Food Web

Owl Pellet Dissection

Owl Pellet Food Web

Owl Pellet Bone ID Chart

Another Bone ID Chart

Puget Sound Food Web Analysis

Serengeti Rules (Carroll) pages 38-46 

A&B: Sea Pickles Adapting to PNW (questions)

A&B:  Decades of Dinner (questions)

A&B:  Ecosystems on the Brink (questions)

A&B:  Lopped off Food Web (questions)

A&B:  Fish and the Forest (questions)

A&B:  Killer in the Kelp (questions)

A&B:  What about us (questions)

4.2.U7:  Energy losses between trophic levels restrict the length of food chains and the biomass of higher trophic levels

• Define biomass.

• Define trophic level.

• State the unit used for communicating the energy in each trophic level of a food chain.

• Outline three reasons why the amount of energy decreases at higher trophic levels.

• State the average amount of energy passed through each trophic level of a food chain.

4.2.NOS:  Use theories to explain natural phenomena- the concepts of energy flow explains the limited length of food chains

• Explain why there is a limited number of organisms in a food chain.

Energy flow through trophic levels notes

Trophic Levels CFU

Modeling energy loss through trophic levels

• Directions and analysis

• Video demo

4.2.S1:  Quantitative representations of energy flow using pyramids of energy (drawn to scale, stepped, not triangular.  Use terms producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, ….  Pyramids of numbers and biomass are not required, however students should know that biomass decreases along food chains due to loss of CO2, H20 and urea).

• Describe the shape and units of a pyramid of energy.

• Draw a pyramid of energy given data for an ecosystem.

Energy pyramid handwritten notes

Energy pyramid notes JS

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